Intermolecular and intramolecular chemical exchange processes play an important role to understand the dynamics of proteins in solution. Stochastic fluctuations occuring on the microsecond to millisecond time scale result in spin relaxation through modulation of isotopic chemical shifts. Chemical exchange provides a powerful probe for characterizing the kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms of functionally relevant conformational changes in proteins.
 

Intermolecular Protein-Ligand Binding Water-Protein Interaction Amide proton exchange with solvent Amide deuterium Isotope effects Protonation/deprotonation equilibria

Intramolecular Backbone Dynamics Side Chains Dynamics Protein folding Conformational equilibria

Inter- and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding

NMR methods to measure chemical exchange.