Side Chain Dynamics. Introduction 
13C relaxation data offers a powerful approach for the investigation of side-chain dynamics ( 88JACS7557 , 91JACS4371 , 97JACS4272 ). and in lesser extent for backbone dynamics ( 00JACS11610 ) In particular, methyl groups are of special interest ( 92BIO5253 , 99JACS2891 , 99JACS11589 , 01JACS4556 ) since they occur with high frequency and are often found in the hydrophobic core of proteins and also play an important role in molecular recognition through hydrophobic iteractions.

The relaxation of the carbon 13C nucleus is dominated by the dipolar interaction with the attached proton and affected to lesser extent by the 13C chemical shift anisotropy interaction

Examples include studies on natural abundance samples ( 91JACS4371 and 04JB139-29 ), with carbon labeling at specific sites ( 97JB437 ), or with random fractional 13C labeling ( 95JMRB173-108 and 96BIO6116 ).

  • 13C T1 Measurements
  • 13C T2 Measurements
  • 13C T1ro Measurements
  • 13C {1H} NOE Measurements
  • Other Measurements
  • 2H Relaxation

    • Examples:

  • BPTI ( 88JACS7557 ),
  • cyclosporin A ( 89JACS4571 ),
  • alpha-helix and beta-hairpin peptides ( 01BIO2844 ),
  • Xfin zinc finger ( 91JACS4371 ) and 99JB47
  • a2D ( 00JACS11610 )