Water-Protein Interaction

An effective selective water excitation scheme is a key feature when NMR experiments are designed to study water-protein interactions (95JB306). Several approaches have been proposed:
  • A SPFGE block ( 95JMRB334-109 , 96JMRB282-112 , although this scheme is very sensitive to diffusion and relaxation effects.
  • Use of slaved pulses ( 99JMR107-138 ).
  • The WEX filter ( 94JACS11982 ).
  • Differences in diffusion properties between individual water molecules and the protein. For instance, the HYDRA experiment ( 96JACS11629 ) or the DRYCLEAN scheme ( 90JMR18-87 and 93JACS8907 ).
  • Radiation damping effects can be minimized using a Q-switched probe ( 95JMRB192-107 and 95JMRB218-109 ) or using bipolar gradients between the succesive points of a shaped pulse ( 96JB87 and 99JB73 ). radiation damping has been also used to propose other water excitation schemes ( 95JB420 )
  • A MS excitation scheme ( 99JB73 )
  • A quadrature-free Constant-time approach ( 99JB189 )