The applicability of diffusion-based NMR methodologies for ligand-receptor interactions has been reported for:

• Determination of association constants (94JCS1901 , 95JCS1183, 00TET6151, and 01JOC6891) using the following equation:
  D_obs=X_guestD_guest + X_complexD_complex

  in which the observed diffusion coefficient for the guest molecule will be the mole fraction weighted average of the bound and free states.

  Examples:

  Steroid-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (02MRCS106)

• Study of Protein-ligand complexes. Affinity NMR or diffusion-edited NMR for screening compound mixtures to detect binding ligands ( 98JOC8486, 98JACS10258, 99AC669, 00JACS414)
  Vancomycin (mw 1475): 3.64*10^-6 cm²/s
  D-ala-D-Ala (): 8.73*10^-6 cm²/s (free)
  D-ala-D-Ala (complexed with Vancomycin): 6.06*10^-6 cm²/s (free)
  
  Related Applications:
  Study of epitope mapping by diffusion NMR ( 02JACS9984)
  Drug-DNA complexes ( 00FEBS148 and 99JCC69) and Polyamine-DNA complexes ( 93BIO961, )
  Sodium dodecyl sulfate micelle- peptide association ( 01MRC276)
  Binding of flavor compounds to macromolecules ( 02JAFC4262)
  Sugar complexation in the presence of lanthanide cations ( 00CRS1-329)
  
  
• Study of solvation phenomena in a tetrapeptide ( 02JACS7737) and probing hydrogen bond strength in mixtures ( 00TL7181 ).
• Study of Supramolecular host-guests complexes:
  Cyclodextrin complexes ( 97JOC120 , 95ACA449 , 98JCS19 , 02JOC2639 and 01JOC6891 )
  Calixarenes complexes ( 00JOC5026 )
  Resorcinarene with cationic guest (03OL1099)
• Study of intermolecular interactions:
  p-cresol with piperazine (03JMR197-164)
  Small molecules vs artifical enzymes (03CEJ1714)