The Excitation Sculpting scheme has been proposed to efficiently suppress the strong water resonance in NMR experiments of samples dissolved in H₂O. It is basically a water-selective double spin echo building block and it is easily incorporated in the most of 2D, 3D, and 4D homo- and heteronuclear NMR experiments. It can usually applied as a DANTE-based pulse train (The W5 element) or using 180 water-selective pulses (The ES element).

Easy implementation on AVANCE spectrometers equipped with pulsed field gradients (PFGs).

The standard way to implement the Excitation Sculpting W5 scheme in a pulse program is:

... 50u UNBLKGRAD p16:gp1 d16 pl18:f1 p27*0.087 ph3 d19*2 p27*0.206 ph3 d19*2 p27*0.413 ph3 d19*2 p27*0.778 ph3 d19*2 p27*1.491 ph3 d19*2 p27*1.491 ph4 d19*2 p27*0.778 ph4 d19*2 p27*0.413 ph4 d19*2 p27*0.206 ph4 d19*2 p27*0.087 ph4 50u p16:gp1 d16 50uu p16:gp2 d16 p27*0.087 ph5 d19*2 p27*0.206 ph5 d19*2 p27*0.413 ph5 d19*2 p27*0.778 ph5 d19*2 p27*1.491 ph5 d19*2 p27*1.491 ph6 d19*2 p27*0.778 ph6 d19*2 p27*0.413 ph6 d19*2 p27*0.206 ph6 d19*2 p27*0.087 ph6 46u p16:gp2 d16 4u BLKGRAD ...

in which:

• pl18 is the power level for W5 pulse train from the f1 channel
• p27is the 90 degree pulse at pl18.
• d19 is the delay for binomial water suppression. Sidebands must be carefully avoided from the distance (d) of next null (in Hz) (1/(2*d).
• p16 (1ms), d16 (100u), gpz1 (34), gpz2 (22), gpnam1 (SINE.100), and gpnam2 (SINE.100) are gradient parameters defining PFGs. Typical values in parenthesis.
• All phase programs must be specified at the end of the pulse program.

See More info about EXCITATION SCULPTING ..

Other WATERGATE related approaches:

• 3919 element: WATERGATE using of 3-9-19 DANTE-base pulse train
• wg element: WATERGATE using 90 water selective pulse
• es element: Excitation scultping using high-power DANTE-based suppression