The Excitation Sculpting scheme has been proposed to efficiently suppress the strong water resonance in NMR experiments of samples dissolved in H₂O. It is basically a water-selective double spin echo building block and it is easily incorporated in the most of 2D, 3D, and 4D homo- and heteronuclear NMR experiments. It can usually applied as a DANTE-based pulse train (The W5 element) or using 180 water-selective pulses (The ES element).

Easy implementation on AVANCE spectrometers equipped with pulsed field gradients (PFGs).

The standard way to implement the Escitation Sculpting scheme in a pulse program is using the ES element:

... 50u UNBLKGRAD p16:gp1 d16 pl0:f1 (p12:sp1 ph1:r):f1 4u d12 pl1:f1 (p2 ph2):f1 4u p16:gp1 d16 50u p16:gp2 d16 pl0:f1 (p12:sp1 ph3:r):f1 4u d12 pl1:f1 (p2 ph4):f1 46u p16:gp1 d16 4u BLKGRAD ...

in which:

• The selective 180 degree pulse applied on the water resonance is defined by the p12 (1.5-2 ms), sp1, and spnam1 (square) commands. The phase difference between hard and soft pulses must be carefully calibrated
• p16 (1ms), d16 (100u), gpz1 (31), gpz2 (11), gpnam1 (SINE.100), and gpnam2 (SINE.100) are gradient parameters defining PFGs. Typical values in parenthesis.
• All phase programs must be specified at the end of the pulse program.

See More info about EXCITATION SCULPTING ..

Other WATERGATE related approaches:

• 3919 element: WATERGATE using of 3-9-19 DANTE-base pulse train
• wg element: WATERGATE using 90 water selective pulse
• w5 element: Excitation scultping using high-power DANTE-based suppression